Chinese Idiom Stories
罄竹難書
罄:音慶,用盡。竹:古時寫字沒有紙,把字寫在竹片上。書:寫。《舊唐書﹒李密傳》記載李密數說隋煬帝的十大罪狀,其中有“罄南山之竹,書罪未窮;決東海之波,流惡難盡”的話。意思是說,用盡南山的竹子作竹簡,也寫不完他的罪行;決開東海的水,也洗不盡他的罪惡。後用“罄竹難書”形容罪行多得寫不完。
隋煬帝楊廣頗有知名度,為中國老百姓所熟知。因為他是歷史上有名的昏主暴君,驕奢淫逸的皇帝,為天下恥笑與唾罵。他弒父殺兄,奪嫡篡位,亂倫好色,奢侈腐化,荒淫無度,建都修苑,開河造舟,窮兵黷武,橫徵暴斂,弄得殷實的隋朝國庫空虛,官倉告罄,民不聊生,怨聲載道,義軍四起。
隋煬帝統治期間,百役繁興,民脂榨盡。僅建築東都洛陽,每月役使200萬人,半數以上死在工地。他在西郊建造了一個大花園,周圍100公里。從江南採得大木柱,運往東都,每根大柱須2000人往返遞送,沿途絡繹不絕。據記載,西苑“堂殿樓觀,窮極華麗”,不知搜刮和浪費了人民多少財富!
611 年,隋煬帝為了發動攻打高麗的戰爭,大批徵兵、調糧、造戰船。在隋朝官吏監督之下,造船工們日夜立在水中工作,腰部以下都生了蛆,死去很多人。被政府徵調的兵役,由全國各地向幽州(今河北、遼寧地區)集中,源源不斷;搬運糧食、兵器、盔甲和攻城機械的民夫千里征途,日夜不絕。
許多人有去無回,屍體“臭穢盈路”,十分淒慘。在農村,“耕稼失時,田疇多荒”。山東、河北一帶,歷來是隋統治者搜刮財賦的中心,又是進攻高麗的戰爭中徵調最多、受害最深的地方,再加上這年夏天發大水,山東地區災情特別嚴重,“百姓困窮,財力俱竭”。處在飢寒交迫困境的貧苦農民,再也不能忍受下去了。農民起義的烽火便首先在這裡燃起。
山東鄒平縣鐵匠王薄首先舉旗造反,各地農民紛紛響應。
從公元614年到617年間,農民起義的風暴已席捲全國大部分地區,先後在全國各地興起的起義軍大小不下100支,參加的人數達數百萬。後來,農民起義軍匯成三支強大的農民革命隊伍:一支是河南的瓦崗軍,一支是河北的竇建德軍,一支是江淮地區的杜伏威軍。
瓦崗軍是三支農民起義軍中較強的一支,先由翟讓領導,起義在瓦崗寨(今河南滑縣南)。這支起義軍“多是漁獵之手”,“善用條槍”。他們把鬥爭矛頭指向隋朝政府和門閥士族,規定不得侵掠百姓,因而得到當地農民的擁護。他們又聯合附近小股起義軍,使隊伍擴大到萬餘人。
616 年10月,隋煬帝派軍隊2萬人來鎮壓。瓦崗軍採取誘敵深入、伏兵襲擊的戰術,把隋軍全部殲滅。河南道“討捕大使”張須陀突圍不成也喪了命。農民起義軍取得了滎陽大捷,奠定了在河南的勝利基礎。617年二月,瓦崗軍攻下隋朝最大的糧倉──興洛倉,“開倉恣民所到,老弱襁負,道路相屬”。把糧食分給貧苦的群眾,農民起義軍的隊伍也迅速壯大到數十萬。接著,瓦崗軍又大敗越王楊侗的軍隊,力量得到進一步加強,成為中原地區起義隊伍的中心。不久,這支農民軍又攻佔了黎陽,回洛二倉,開倉濟民,10天內得兵20餘萬人。農民軍向隋朝東都洛陽進軍,隋煬帝十分恐慌,派王世充率精兵增援洛陽。瓦崗軍和幾十萬隋軍展開了激戰。洛陽戰役歷時3個月,經過60餘次戰鬥,打得王世充全軍潰敗,所剩不過數千。瓦崗軍圍困東都,控制了河南大部分地區。這時,瓦崗軍首領之一李密發布了討伐隋煬帝的檄文,揭露他罪大惡極,“罄南山之竹,書罪未窮;決東海之波,流惡難盡”。
在瓦崗軍節節勝利,同時,河北起義軍,江淮農民軍,也不斷地給隋王朝以嚴重打擊。在各地農民軍的包圍之下,隋朝統治者佔據的少數城邑如同大海中的幾個孤島。駐守江都的隋煬帝極度的驚慌。
他對著鏡子說:“我這個好腦袋,不知道該誰來砍它。”他坐臥不安,夢中經常驚叫有“賊”。隋煬帝楊廣最終被部下縊殺,隋朝滅亡。
A
- A Dried Fish Store (枯魚之肆)
- A Roc's Flight of Ten Thousand Li - A Bright Future (鵬程萬里)
- A Warning Taken From The Overturned Cart Ahead (前車之鑑)
- Aping a Beauty (醜女效顰)
- As Precarious As a Pile of Eggs (危如累卵)
- At Whose Hand Will The Dear Die (鹿死誰手)
- Bring The Dying Back To Life (起死回生)
- Eight Decalitres of Talent (才高八斗)
- Every Bush and Tree Looks Like an Enemy (草木皆兵)
- Everything is Ready Except the East Wind (萬事俱備 只欠東風)
- Heard On The Street And Spoken of In The Road (道聽塗說)
- Heaven's Clothes Have No Stitches (天衣無縫)
- Hide a Dagger in a Smile (笑裡藏刀)
- Honey In The Mouth And Swords In The Stomach (口蜜腹劍)
- How The Foolish Old Man Moved Mountains (愚公移山)
- If The Lips Are Gone, The Teeth Will Be Cold (唇亡齒寒)
- Ignorance of The Objective World (不合時宜)
- Indigo Blue is Extracted From The Indigo Plant (青出於藍)
- Lamenting One's Littleness before the Vast Ocean (望洋興歎)
- Like Fire and Flowering Rush (如火如荼)
- Looking for a Steed with the Aid Of Its Picture (按圖索驥)
- Official Jiang Uses Up His Talent (江郎才盡)
- On The Eastern Bed with His Stomach Exposed (袒腹東床)
- One Character is Worth a Thousand Taels of Gold (一字千金)
- One Day of Sunlight Followed By Ten Days of Cold (一暴十寒)
- One Hair From Nine Oxen ( 九牛一毛)
- One Strike Fires Up The Spirit (一鼓作氣)
- Only One Side is Willing (一廂情願)
- Paper is Expensive in Loyang (洛陽紙貴)
- Perfectly Fair and Impartial (大公無私)
- Plugging One's Ears While Stealing a Bell (掩耳盜鈴)
- Practice Makes Perfect (熟能生巧)
- Professed Love of What One Really Fears (葉公好龍)
- Proficiency in a particular line (一技之長)
- Pulling On One's Shoe In a Melon Patch, Or Adjusting One's Cap Under A Plum Tree (瓜田李下)
- Shivering All Over Though Not Cold (不寒而慄)
- Single-hearted Devotion (專心致志)
- Songs of Ch'u on All Four Sides (四面楚歌)
- The 'You' Cannot Decide (猶豫不決)
- The Affair of The East Window Is Exposed (東窗事發)
- The Bird Jingwei Trying To Fill The Sea (精衛填海)
- The Broken Mirror is Put Back Together (破鏡重圓)
- The Conceit of The King of Yelang (夜郎自大)
- The Courtyard Is As Crowded As a Market Place (門庭若市)
- The Debt Platform is Built Up High (債臺高築)
- The Donkey In Ancient Guizhou Has Exhausted Its Tricks (黔驢技窮)
- The Fox Borrows The Tiger's Power (狐假虎威)
- The Fox Is Sad At The Death of The Hare (兔死狐悲)
- The Frog in the Shallow Well (井底之蛙)
- The Gentleman On The Beam (樑上君子)
- The Horse Which Does Harm To The Herd - A Black Sheep (害群之馬)
- The Host of The East (東道主人)
- The Hounds Are Killed For Food Once All The Hares Are Bagged (兔死狗烹)
- The King's Seabird (魯侯養鳥)
- The Latecomers Surpass the Old-timers (後來居上)
- The Man of Ch'i Fears That the Sky Will Fall (杞人憂天)
- The Measurements Are More Reliable (愚人買鞋)
- The More One Tries to Hide a Mistake, The More It Is Exposed (欲蓋彌彰)
- The Old Horse Knows The Way (老馬識途)
- The Old Man Under The Moon (月下老人)
- The Old Man Who Lost His Horse (塞翁失馬)
- The Plum Tree Sacrifices Itself For The Peach Tree-Sacrifice Oneself For Another Person (李代桃僵)
- The Prime Minister's Gift (無功不受祿)
- The Snipe and The Clam Have a Quarrel (鷸蚌相爭)
- The Wolf and The Bei Make Mischief (狼狽為奸)
- Three People Make a Tiger (三人成虎)
- Three in the Morning and Four at Night (朝三暮四)
- To Ask a Fox for Its Skin (與狐謀皮)
- To Attempt To Go South by Driving the Chariot North (南轅北轍)
- To Attract Jade by Laying Bricks (拋磚引玉)
- To Be Able To Catch Sparrows On the Doorstep (門可羅雀)
- To Be As If Sitting On a Bed of Needles (如坐針氈)
- To Be Behind Sun Shan (名落孫山)
- To Bend The Chimney and Move The Firewood (曲突徙薪)
- To Break The Cauldrons And Sink The Boats (破釜沈舟)
- To Bring Disaster Upon The Fish (殃及池魚)
- To Carve a Mark in the Boat And Look For the Sword (刻舟求劍)
- To Contradict Oneself (自相矛盾)
- To Draw a Snake and Add on Feet (畫蛇添足)
- To Fluff Up the Pillow And Have a Good Rest (高枕無憂)
- To Hang Books On The Ox's Horn (牛角掛書)
- To Have So Much Fun That One Forgets About Shu (樂不思蜀)
- To Have an Image of Bamboo In One's Mind (胸有成竹)
- To Knot Grass and Carry a Ring (結草銜環)
- To Look At Someone With New Eyes (刮目相看)
- To Lose The Sheep On A Forked Road (歧路亡羊)
- To Make The Fish Sink And The Goose Fall (沈魚落雁)
- To Make Up the Number in the Yu Ensemble (濫竽充數)
- To Mistake The Reflection of The Bow For a Snake (杯弓蛇影)
- To Mow The Grass And Scare The Snake (打草驚蛇)
- To Neglect The Root And Attend To The Tip (捨本逐末)
- To Offer The Warmth Of The Sun (獻曝之忱)
- To Proffer a Birch and Ask For a Flogging (負荊請罪)
- To Quench One's Thirst By Thinking of Plums (望梅止渴)
- To Quit Halfway Down the Road (半途而廢)
- To Repair The Fence After Losing The Sheep (亡羊補牢)
- To Return the Jade Intact To Chao (完璧歸趙)
- To Seek Small Gains But Incur Big Losses (貪小失大)
- To Show Off One's Skill With an Axe In Front of Lu Ban's Door (班門弄斧)
- To Sleep On Brushwood And Taste Gall (臥薪嘗膽)
- To Speak Like a Flowing River (口若懸河)
- To Strive For Words and Struggle for Reason (強詞奪理)
- To Swallow Dates Whole (囫圇吞棗)
- To Take By Treachery And Seize By Bullying (巧取豪奪)
- To Try To Help The Shoots Grow By Pulling Them Upward (揠苗助長)
- To Walk Rather Than Ride (安步當車)
- To Watch The Dust Settle And Be Unable To Catch Up (望塵莫及)
- Treat Each Other With Respect (相敬如賓)
- Unclear And Able To Go Either Way (模稜兩可)
- Utopia (世外桃源)
- Very Intelligent in Youth (小時了了)