Chinese Idiom Stories
氣壯山河
南宋大臣趙鼎出身貧寒,四歲就失去父親,在母親撫養和教育下成長。他二十一歲考中進士,當官時敢於批評權貴,受到宰相吳敏賞識,被調到都城開封任職。
1125年冬,北方的金國出兵南侵。次年秋攻陷太原,嚴重地威脅到宋朝的安全。昏庸懦弱的宋欽宗驚慌失措,趕緊召集文武大臣商議對策。
一些貪生怕死的大臣,主張割讓土地向金國求和。趙鼎與這些大臣的看法不同。他說:“祖先留下來的國土,怎能拱手送給別人?望陛下千萬不要考慮這種意見!”可是,欽宗非常懼伯金兵,決心屈膝投降,把大好山河割讓。金軍使者來談判時,要求把黃河以北的土地全部割讓給金國,欽宗不敢違抗,竟答應了金軍提出的要求。但是,金國皇帝並不滿足,他們命令部隊繼續南下。年底,金兵抵達開封城下。膽小如鼠的欽宗不等金軍攻破,就親自到金軍營中乞求投降。金兵統帥扣留了欽宗,讓部下進城掠奪,然後把欽宗和他的父親徽宗當作俘虜,連同搜刮到的大量金銀財寶,一起返回金國。北宋王朝就此滅亡。這就是歷史上有名的靖康之恥(欽宗年號靖康)。
不久,欽宗的弟弟康王趙構在南京建立了南末王朝,史稱宋高祖。宋高祖即位初期,起用了一批嶽飛等主戰派的大臣,趙鼎也在其中。曾經擔任過宰相的秦檜,是主和派的頭目,因結黨專權而被罷職。趙鼎對他很警惕,曾經向人表示過,此人如果得志,我們就沒有立足之地。
不料,後來秦檜又一次被任命為宰相。他知道高宗只想偏安江南而不真心抗金,便竭力唆使高宗與全國講和。趙鼎對他自然就反對。於是,秦檜經常在高宗面前說趙鼎的壞話,使高宗對他逐漸失去信任。後來,高宗終於將他貶到外地去當官。
趙鼎離京時,秦檜假惺惺地為他送行。但趙鼎並不領情,只是輕蔑地瞧了他一眼,拱拱手就走了。為此,秦檜更加忌恨趙鼎,將他越調越遠,最後貶謫到朱崖。趙鼎在朱崖住了三年,熟人都不敢去看望他,生活非常困苦。秦檜知道他的處境後,認為他活得不可能長久,便囑咐地方官每月向自己呈報他是否還活著。
趙鼎六十二歲那年,終於患了重病。臨死前,他把兒子叫到床前,悲憤他說道:“秦檜非要置我於死地。我不死,他可能會對你們下毒手;我死了,才可不再連累你們!”說罷,他叫兒子取來一面銘旌,在上面寫道:“身騎箕,尾歸天上,氣作山河壯本朝。” 意思是:我身騎箕、尾兩星宿回歸上天,我的氣概像高山大河那樣雄壯豪邁地存於本朝。
後人把“氣作山河壯本朝”演變為成語“氣壯山河”,比喻人的豪邁之氣如同高山大河一般。
A
- A Dried Fish Store (枯魚之肆)
- A Roc's Flight of Ten Thousand Li - A Bright Future (鵬程萬里)
- A Warning Taken From The Overturned Cart Ahead (前車之鑑)
- Aping a Beauty (醜女效顰)
- As Precarious As a Pile of Eggs (危如累卵)
- At Whose Hand Will The Dear Die (鹿死誰手)
- Bring The Dying Back To Life (起死回生)
- Eight Decalitres of Talent (才高八斗)
- Every Bush and Tree Looks Like an Enemy (草木皆兵)
- Everything is Ready Except the East Wind (萬事俱備 只欠東風)
- Heard On The Street And Spoken of In The Road (道聽塗說)
- Heaven's Clothes Have No Stitches (天衣無縫)
- Hide a Dagger in a Smile (笑裡藏刀)
- Honey In The Mouth And Swords In The Stomach (口蜜腹劍)
- How The Foolish Old Man Moved Mountains (愚公移山)
- If The Lips Are Gone, The Teeth Will Be Cold (唇亡齒寒)
- Ignorance of The Objective World (不合時宜)
- Indigo Blue is Extracted From The Indigo Plant (青出於藍)
- Lamenting One's Littleness before the Vast Ocean (望洋興歎)
- Like Fire and Flowering Rush (如火如荼)
- Looking for a Steed with the Aid Of Its Picture (按圖索驥)
- Official Jiang Uses Up His Talent (江郎才盡)
- On The Eastern Bed with His Stomach Exposed (袒腹東床)
- One Character is Worth a Thousand Taels of Gold (一字千金)
- One Day of Sunlight Followed By Ten Days of Cold (一暴十寒)
- One Hair From Nine Oxen ( 九牛一毛)
- One Strike Fires Up The Spirit (一鼓作氣)
- Only One Side is Willing (一廂情願)
- Paper is Expensive in Loyang (洛陽紙貴)
- Perfectly Fair and Impartial (大公無私)
- Plugging One's Ears While Stealing a Bell (掩耳盜鈴)
- Practice Makes Perfect (熟能生巧)
- Professed Love of What One Really Fears (葉公好龍)
- Proficiency in a particular line (一技之長)
- Pulling On One's Shoe In a Melon Patch, Or Adjusting One's Cap Under A Plum Tree (瓜田李下)
- Shivering All Over Though Not Cold (不寒而慄)
- Single-hearted Devotion (專心致志)
- Songs of Ch'u on All Four Sides (四面楚歌)
- The 'You' Cannot Decide (猶豫不決)
- The Affair of The East Window Is Exposed (東窗事發)
- The Bird Jingwei Trying To Fill The Sea (精衛填海)
- The Broken Mirror is Put Back Together (破鏡重圓)
- The Conceit of The King of Yelang (夜郎自大)
- The Courtyard Is As Crowded As a Market Place (門庭若市)
- The Debt Platform is Built Up High (債臺高築)
- The Donkey In Ancient Guizhou Has Exhausted Its Tricks (黔驢技窮)
- The Fox Borrows The Tiger's Power (狐假虎威)
- The Fox Is Sad At The Death of The Hare (兔死狐悲)
- The Frog in the Shallow Well (井底之蛙)
- The Gentleman On The Beam (樑上君子)
- The Horse Which Does Harm To The Herd - A Black Sheep (害群之馬)
- The Host of The East (東道主人)
- The Hounds Are Killed For Food Once All The Hares Are Bagged (兔死狗烹)
- The King's Seabird (魯侯養鳥)
- The Latecomers Surpass the Old-timers (後來居上)
- The Man of Ch'i Fears That the Sky Will Fall (杞人憂天)
- The Measurements Are More Reliable (愚人買鞋)
- The More One Tries to Hide a Mistake, The More It Is Exposed (欲蓋彌彰)
- The Old Horse Knows The Way (老馬識途)
- The Old Man Under The Moon (月下老人)
- The Old Man Who Lost His Horse (塞翁失馬)
- The Plum Tree Sacrifices Itself For The Peach Tree-Sacrifice Oneself For Another Person (李代桃僵)
- The Prime Minister's Gift (無功不受祿)
- The Snipe and The Clam Have a Quarrel (鷸蚌相爭)
- The Wolf and The Bei Make Mischief (狼狽為奸)
- Three People Make a Tiger (三人成虎)
- Three in the Morning and Four at Night (朝三暮四)
- To Ask a Fox for Its Skin (與狐謀皮)
- To Attempt To Go South by Driving the Chariot North (南轅北轍)
- To Attract Jade by Laying Bricks (拋磚引玉)
- To Be Able To Catch Sparrows On the Doorstep (門可羅雀)
- To Be As If Sitting On a Bed of Needles (如坐針氈)
- To Be Behind Sun Shan (名落孫山)
- To Bend The Chimney and Move The Firewood (曲突徙薪)
- To Break The Cauldrons And Sink The Boats (破釜沈舟)
- To Bring Disaster Upon The Fish (殃及池魚)
- To Carve a Mark in the Boat And Look For the Sword (刻舟求劍)
- To Contradict Oneself (自相矛盾)
- To Draw a Snake and Add on Feet (畫蛇添足)
- To Fluff Up the Pillow And Have a Good Rest (高枕無憂)
- To Hang Books On The Ox's Horn (牛角掛書)
- To Have So Much Fun That One Forgets About Shu (樂不思蜀)
- To Have an Image of Bamboo In One's Mind (胸有成竹)
- To Knot Grass and Carry a Ring (結草銜環)
- To Look At Someone With New Eyes (刮目相看)
- To Lose The Sheep On A Forked Road (歧路亡羊)
- To Make The Fish Sink And The Goose Fall (沈魚落雁)
- To Make Up the Number in the Yu Ensemble (濫竽充數)
- To Mistake The Reflection of The Bow For a Snake (杯弓蛇影)
- To Mow The Grass And Scare The Snake (打草驚蛇)
- To Neglect The Root And Attend To The Tip (捨本逐末)
- To Offer The Warmth Of The Sun (獻曝之忱)
- To Proffer a Birch and Ask For a Flogging (負荊請罪)
- To Quench One's Thirst By Thinking of Plums (望梅止渴)
- To Quit Halfway Down the Road (半途而廢)
- To Repair The Fence After Losing The Sheep (亡羊補牢)
- To Return the Jade Intact To Chao (完璧歸趙)
- To Seek Small Gains But Incur Big Losses (貪小失大)
- To Show Off One's Skill With an Axe In Front of Lu Ban's Door (班門弄斧)
- To Sleep On Brushwood And Taste Gall (臥薪嘗膽)
- To Speak Like a Flowing River (口若懸河)
- To Strive For Words and Struggle for Reason (強詞奪理)
- To Swallow Dates Whole (囫圇吞棗)
- To Take By Treachery And Seize By Bullying (巧取豪奪)
- To Try To Help The Shoots Grow By Pulling Them Upward (揠苗助長)
- To Walk Rather Than Ride (安步當車)
- To Watch The Dust Settle And Be Unable To Catch Up (望塵莫及)
- Treat Each Other With Respect (相敬如賓)
- Unclear And Able To Go Either Way (模稜兩可)
- Utopia (世外桃源)
- Very Intelligent in Youth (小時了了)